{"id":2577,"date":"2023-12-08T09:16:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T08:16:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/?page_id=2577"},"modified":"2026-01-27T14:41:33","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T13:41:33","slug":"epilog-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/epilog-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Epilog"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p><em>Once men turned their thinking over to machines in the hope that this would set them free. But that only permitted other men with machines to enslave them<\/em><\/p><cite>Frank Herbert, Dune, 1965<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>In reading the history of nations, we find that, like individuals, they have their whims and their peculiarities; their seasons of excitement and recklessness, when they care not what they do. We find that whole communities suddenly fix their minds upon one object, and go mad in its pursuit; that millions of people become simultaneously impressed with one delusion, and run after it, till their attention is caught by some new folly more captivating than the first<\/em>.\u00bb<br>&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Mackay_(author)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Mackay_(author)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Charles MacKay<\/a>, 1841, (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/quotes\/385761-in-reading-the-history-of-nations-we-find-that-like\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/quotes\/385761-in-reading-the-history-of-nations-we-find-that-like\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1a<\/a>\/ <a href=\"https:\/\/garymarcus.substack.com\/p\/chatgpt-in-shambles\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/garymarcus.substack.com\/p\/chatgpt-in-shambles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1b<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/people.njit.edu\/profile\/rothenbe#publications\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/people.njit.edu\/profile\/rothenbe#publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">David Rothenberg<\/a>: \u00ab<em>Gj\u00f8r det vondt \u00e5 tenke?\u00bb <\/em><br><a href=\"https:\/\/snl.no\/Arne_N%C3%A6ss\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/snl.no\/Arne_N%C3%A6ss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arne N\u00e6ss Sr<\/a>.: &laquo;<em>Det gj\u00f8r det<\/em>, <em>men det er en smerte vi ikke b\u00f8r unndra oss<\/em>. <em>Det er en lidelse vi m\u00e5 l\u00e6re \u00e5 like<\/em>.\u00bb<br>&#8211; Fra boken &laquo;Arne N\u00e6ss &#8211; gj\u00f8r det vondt \u00e5 tenke?&raquo;, av D. Rothenberg, 1992 (<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/arnenssgjrdetvon0000roth\/mode\/2up?view=theater\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/arnenssgjrdetvon0000roth\/mode\/2up?view=theater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>To the extent that we inhabit a culture where thought and writing have become effortless, we will also inhabit a culture incapable of responsible and redemptive relationships<\/em>.<em>\u00bb<\/em><br>&#8211; Jeffrey Bilbro, PhD, 2023 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.plough.com\/en\/topics\/life\/technology\/what-problem-does-chatgpt-solve\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.plough.com\/en\/topics\/life\/technology\/what-problem-does-chatgpt-solve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>Students don\u2019t always know how to craft relevant prompts for the A.I. chatbots<\/em>.<em>\u00bb<\/em><br>&#8211; Professor John Spencer, 2023 (<a href=\"https:\/\/spencereducation.com\/facts-cycle\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/spencereducation.com\/facts-cycle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>While current AI systems can be impressive, they are fundamentally limited to reactive behaviors or short-term capabilities, unable to form representations of themselves. Despite the allure of AI systems passing the Turing Test, this milestone in establishing AI consciousness has not yet been achieved<\/em>.\u00bb<br>&#8211; Laszlo Szabo, 2024 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nowadais.com\/self-aware-ai-artificial-intelligence-self-aware\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nowadais.com\/self-aware-ai-artificial-intelligence-self-aware\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">5<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1152\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/12\/linjer.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2799\" style=\"width:213px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Innledning<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Som Alberto Romero skriver i innleget <a href=\"https:\/\/albertoromgar.medium.com\/30-things-ive-learned-about-ai-fae575988148\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/albertoromgar.medium.com\/30-things-ive-learned-about-ai-fae575988148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">30 Things I\u2019ve Learned About AI<\/a>: &laquo;<em>To know if an AI tool works, don\u2019t read news headlines \u2014 try it yourself<\/em>.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dette er en p\u00e5stand som jeg uten videre kan si meg enig i. Men som samfunnsinformatiker er medias overskrifter og forn\u00f8yelige skriverier, og folk flest sine reaksjoner p\u00e5 disse, like interessante som det rent tekniske. Og ikke minst er det interessant \u00e5 se at selv professorer lar seg friste til \u00e5 bruke media som utgangspunkt for sterke meninger, uten selv \u00e5 ha foretatt faktisk testing av ulike samtaleroboter med egne eksamensoppgaver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jeg har i denne bloggboken fors\u00f8kt \u00e5 gi en oversikt over hva ChatGPT og lignende verkt\u00f8y er for noe, og peker p\u00e5 noen sikkerhetsmessige, etiske, juridiske, helsemessige og l\u00e6ringsmessige problemstillinger knyttet til disse systemene. Videre beskriver jeg et sett med tester utf\u00f8rt i perioden desember 2022 til desember 2023, og ytterligere tester gjennom 2024 og deler av 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Overordnede sp\u00f8rsm\u00e5l er s\u00e5 vidt nevnt innledningsvis, men er gjentatt i en gjennomgang av valgene jeg har foretatt for testingen, samt rasjonale for valgene. Dette gj\u00f8r jeg i det f\u00f8lgende separate &laquo;vedlegg&raquo;, slik at de som ikke er interessert i dette kan g\u00e5 videre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/overordnede-sporsmal-valg-foretatt-og-rasjonale-for-mine-valg\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/overordnede-sporsmal-valg-foretatt-og-rasjonale-for-mine-valg\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Valg foretatt, og rasjonale for valgene<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Konklusjon &#8211; tester og gjennomgang av litteratur<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab<em>The talk about existential risk from AGI is a magician\u2019s distraction from what\u2019s going on right in front of us \u2013 not a mechanical uprising, but a silent campaign to devalue the political and cultural currency of humane thought.\u00bb<\/em><br>\u2013 Professor Shannon Vallor, 2023 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencefocus.com\/future-technology\/will-ai-make-humans-dumber\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">6<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab<em>Instead of minimizing users\u2019 tendency to anthropomorphize conversational A.I. systems, many businesses are opting to maximize it. The more human-like a business\u2019 chatbot seems, the more likely it is that users will like interacting with the chatbot, perceive it as friendly, believe they can relate to it, trust it, and even form some approximation of a social bond with it. For many businesses, the prospect of capturing an audience with a conversational A.I. system \u2013 a system they control and use for marketing and other commercially manipulative purposes \u2013 is irresistible<\/em>.<em>\u00bb<\/em><br>&#8211; Rick Claypool, 2023 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.citizen.org\/article\/chatbots-are-not-people-dangerous-human-like-anthropomorphic-ai-report\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.citizen.org\/article\/chatbots-are-not-people-dangerous-human-like-anthropomorphic-ai-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>Remember, LLMs compute the probability of what word should come next in a sequence based on the parameters given in a prompt. This differs from the expectation (and illusion) that they understand and answer queries<\/em>.<em>\u00bb<\/em><br>&#8211; &nbsp;Chris Miciek, 2023 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.naceweb.org\/career-development\/trends-and-predictions\/llms-chatgpt-and-a-really-bad-idea\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.naceweb.org\/career-development\/trends-and-predictions\/llms-chatgpt-and-a-really-bad-idea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">8<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>A lot of people anthropomorphize these things because they \u2018speak English.\u2019 No, they don\u2019t. It doesn\u2019t speak English. It does a lot of math<\/em>.<em>\u00bb<\/em><br>&#8211; Rick Battle, 2024 (<a href=\"https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/prompt-engineering-is-dead\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/prompt-engineering-is-dead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">9<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>we found no evidence of formal reasoning in language models \u2026. Their behavior is better explained by sophisticated pattern matching\u2014so fragile, in fact, that changing names can alter results by ~10%!\u00bb<\/em><br>&#8211; Mehrdad Farajtabar, PhD, 07.10.2024 (<a href=\"https:\/\/garymarcus.substack.com\/p\/llms-dont-do-formal-reasoning-and\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/garymarcus.substack.com\/p\/llms-dont-do-formal-reasoning-and\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/papers\/2410.05229\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/huggingface.co\/papers\/2410.05229\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">11<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telecoms.com\/ai\/apple-pours-water-on-unreasonable-llm-hype#close-modal\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.telecoms.com\/ai\/apple-pours-water-on-unreasonable-llm-hype#close-modal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">12<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>Lowering the bar for AGI only muddles progress. True AGI requires reasoning frameworks that ensure correctness, adaptability, and logical consistency. The dream of AGI will not be realized by statistical tricks but by building systems capable of true logical reasoning<\/em>.<em>\u00bb<\/em><br>&#8211; TauLogicAI, 2024 (<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/taulogicai\/status\/1870320904976077139?s=61\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/x.com\/taulogicai\/status\/1870320904976077139?s=61\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>The current idea that chatbots are &laquo;AI&raquo; and claims that computers can now truly think is a reflection of the imbalance between rapid technological progress and the widespread lack of scientific literacy. In the past, people fervently believed in demons and UFOs. Today, it&#8217;s AI\u00bb<\/em><br>&#8211; Per A. Godejord (<a href=\"https:\/\/bsky.app\/profile\/pagodejord.bsky.social\/post\/3lt7cditrps2m\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/bsky.app\/profile\/pagodejord.bsky.social\/post\/3lt7cditrps2m\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">14<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1152\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/12\/linjer.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2799\" style=\"width:210px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Mitt utsagn over bygger p\u00e5 en observasjon Carl Sagan gjorde p\u00e5 slutten av 1990-tallet; at det var et kritisk behov for utbredt vitenskapelig kompetanse i en verden som i stadig st\u00f8rre grad formes av vitenskap og teknologi. I dag er denne teknologiske p\u00e5virkningen, i det minste i den velst\u00e5ende delen av verden, enda mer fremtredende.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sagan advarte om at et samfunn som er sterkt avhengig av teknologi, men mangler forst\u00e5else for den, er iboende ustabilt og utsatt for manipulasjon. Han mente at manglende vitenskapelig forst\u00e5else gj\u00f8r folk s\u00e5rbare for pseudovitenskap og feilinformasjon, noe som hemmer evnen til \u00e5 ta informerte beslutninger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Etter min mening er denne bekymringen like relevant i dag, om ikke mer. Dette s\u00e5 vi s\u00e6rlig i mediehysteriet rundt fremveksten av samtaleroboter av typen ChatGPT. Det virker for meg som behovet for det Carl Sagan kalte et &laquo;baloney detection kit&raquo; er enda st\u00f8rre n\u00e5 enn det var p\u00e5 90-tallet. Og da s\u00e6rlig knyttet til de ulike p\u00e5standene om at ChatGPT og lignende verkt\u00f8y kan svare ekspertmessig p\u00e5 alle typer universitetsoppgaver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B\u00e5de mine tester, og internasjonal forskning<\/strong> p\u00e5 hvordan samtaleroboter behandler eksamensoppgaver <em>knyttet til h\u00f8yere niv\u00e5 i Blooms taksonomi<\/em>, viser at mediehistoriene om at dette var verkt\u00f8y som lett kunne skrive gode universitetsbesvarelser ikke stemmer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Unders\u00f8kelser utf\u00f8rt av forskere i USA<\/strong> av p\u00e5stander om at ChatGPT, og lignende verkt\u00f8y, klarte bachelor og mastereksamener viser at ogs\u00e5 dette var &laquo;sannheter&raquo; med store modifikasjoner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Det finnes ingen forskningsbaserte grunner<\/strong><\/em> til \u00e5 tro at <em>samtaleroboter<\/em> p\u00e5 mystisk vis vil utgj\u00f8re en alvorlig &laquo;trussel&raquo; mot norske bachelor &#8211; og masteravhandlinger innen <strong>samfunnsvitenskap og humaniora<\/strong>, der a<em>nalyse, tolkning og vurdering<\/em> er sentrale element. Dermed finnes det heller ingen <em>forskningsbaserte grunner<\/em> for \u00e5 kreve spesielle tiltak knyttet til veiledning og eksaminasjon av disse. Det samme vil gjelde for ordin\u00e6re hjemmeeksamener eller mappeevaluering av veiledete besvarelser <em>der eksamensoppgavene\/ arbeidskravene er konstruert i tr\u00e5d med h\u00f8yere niv\u00e5 i Blooms taksonomi<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B\u00e5de mine egne fors\u00f8k, og internasjonal forskning,<\/strong> viser at samtaleroboter klarer \u00e5 levere svar p\u00e5 oppgaver som har sitt fokus p\u00e5 det \u00e5 gjengi, beskrive og definere, og p\u00e5 oppgaver som krever sammenfatning og forklaring (<em>Lavere niv\u00e5 i Blooms Taksonomi<\/em>). Men mine egne fors\u00f8k viser at det samtaleroboten fremkommer med ikke n\u00f8dvendigvis er godt nok til \u00e5 gi h\u00f8yeste karakter (<em>C, B eller A<\/em>), selv der fagomr\u00e5det\/ fagbegrepene er velkjent og godt omtalt p\u00e5 Internett. Her vil det imidlertid kunne v\u00e6re ulikheter fra fagomr\u00e5de til fagomr\u00e5de, og at de samtaleroboter jeg har testet ikke gir gode resultat for mine oppgavetekster <em>betyr ikke <\/em>at de ikke kan gi gode svar (og dermed oppn\u00e5 gode karakterer) i andre typer eksamensoppgaver basert <em>p\u00e5 lavere niv\u00e5 i Blooms Taksonomi<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Egne fors\u00f8k med de utvalgte samtalerobotene<\/strong> viser at en samtalerobot kan b\u00e5de legge inn kildehenvisninger i tekst og sette opp litteraturliste i tr\u00e5d med APA-stilen. Men fors\u00f8kene viser ogs\u00e5 at samtaleroboters statistiske beregninger like gjerne fremkommer med falske kilder, som ekte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ChatGPT, og de andre samtalerobotene jeg har testet<\/strong>, imponerer heller ikke n\u00e5r det gjelder \u00e5 produsere faktabaserte stiler. I disse testene var &laquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-are-ai-hallucinations-why-ais-sometimes-make-things-up-242896\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-are-ai-hallucinations-why-ais-sometimes-make-things-up-242896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hallusinasjoner<\/a>&raquo; s\u00e6rlig fremtredende. Men her vil mye selvsagt kunne avhenge av tematikken og hvilke krav som l\u00e6rere i grunn- og videreg\u00e5ende skole stiller til en stil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Samtalerobotens evne til \u00e5 besvare<\/strong> en enkel \u00abg\u00e5te-test\u00bb, deres evne til \u00e5 finne konkret og korrekt informasjon knyttet til etternavn og et fors\u00f8k p\u00e5 gjenskape et konkret resultat beskrevet i Digi.no, var enkle fors\u00f8k som understreker samtalerobotenes manglende evne til \u00e5 hente frem annen informasjon enn det de statistiske beregningene kan finne rent konkret i sitt innlagte datagrunnlag eller ved enkle internetts\u00f8k. Resultatene <em>understreker <\/em>at det <em>ikke foretas noen form for resonering<\/em>. Alt som foretas er statistisk beregnede sammensetninger av bokstaver, gitt bokstavsammensetningen av brukerens input.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Egne tester, og internasjonal forskning<\/strong>, viser at selv etter de siste \u00e5rs utvikling har samtalerobotene stadig <em>ingen<\/em> evne til <em>reell resonering<\/em> eller til annen form for <em>reell tankevirksomhet<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi er med andre ord stadig langt, langt unna den teoretiske dr\u00f8mmen om en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.minerva.no\/kunstig-intelligens-maskiner\/maskiner-som-ikke-tenker\/463634\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.minerva.no\/kunstig-intelligens-maskiner\/maskiner-som-ikke-tenker\/463634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">generell kunstig intelligens<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/garymarcus.substack.com\/p\/the-five-stages-of-agi-grief\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/garymarcus.substack.com\/p\/the-five-stages-of-agi-grief\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AGI<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ikke KI men ordin\u00e6r teknologi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>When we consider the way that LLMs work, with the input query used to provide a probability fit across the weighted nodes that make up its vector space, we can see that the generated output is effectively that of an oversized word prediction algorithm. This precludes any possibility of intelligence and thus cognitive awareness of \u2018truth\u2019. Meaning that even if there is no intent behind the LLM, it\u2019s still bullshitting, even if it\u2019s the soft (unintentional) kind. When taking into account the agency and intentions of those who created the LLM, trained it, and created the interface (like ChatGPT), however, we enter into hard, intentional bullshit territory<\/em>. <em>It is incidentally this same bullshitting that has led to LLMs being partially phased out already, with Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) turning a word prediction algorithm into more of a fancy search machine. Even venture capitalists can only take so much bullshit, after all<\/em>.\u00bb<br>&#8211; Maya Posch, 2024 (<a href=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/2024\/07\/01\/chatgpt-and-other-llms-produce-bull-excrement-not-hallucinations\/#more-693433\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/2024\/07\/01\/chatgpt-and-other-llms-produce-bull-excrement-not-hallucinations\/#more-693433\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">15<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1152\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/12\/linjer.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2799\" style=\"width:210px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>ChatGPT, <em>og andre samtaleroboter<\/em>, er f\u00f8rst og fremst en &laquo;bullshit generator&raquo;, slik professor Arvind Narayanan (2022) ved Princeton University p\u00e5pekte (<a href=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/2-bullshit-generator-eller-genial-faktagjenngiver\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/2-bullshit-generator-eller-genial-faktagjenngiver\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Men<\/em> denne og lignende samtaleroboter kan likevel <em>i noen situasjoner<\/em> v\u00e6re nyttige til en f\u00f8rste informasjonsinnhenting (<em>under forutsetning av at man s\u00e5 sjekker videre i mer kontrollerbare kilder<\/em>). Samtaleroboter kan ogs\u00e5 v\u00e6re nyttige som oversettere, til ord- og begrepsforklaringer (<em>forutsatt at begrepet er velkjent<\/em>), og de kan foreta oppsummeringer av tekst, osv. Videre kan de v\u00e6re sv\u00e6rt gode verkt\u00f8y til \u00e5 hjelpe til med gi en god struktur p\u00e5 en besvarelse. Dette siste gj\u00f8r jo at vi fagansvarlige n\u00e5 uten videre kan ta som en selvf\u00f8lge at en besvarelse p\u00e5 universitetsniv\u00e5, er grundig strukturert og at dette ikke er noe som gir uttelling karaktermessig. (<em>Mens en d\u00e5rlig strukturert besvarelse, selvsagt fortsatt gir nedtrekk karaktermessig<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Og for brukere med <em>gode fagkunnskaper<\/em> kan en samtalerobot v\u00e6re en tidseffektivt innledning til \u00e5 f\u00e5 unna ulike oppgaver. I internasjonal forskning ser vi et tydelig m\u00f8nster: Evnen til \u00e5 formulere presise og m\u00e5lrettede foresp\u00f8rsler \u2013 enten det gjelder s\u00f8k i en s\u00f8kemotor eller prompting av samtaleroboter \u2013 henger tett sammen med brukerens forkunnskaper. Dette samsvarer med erfaringer mange av oss gjorde da s\u00f8kemotorene f\u00f8rst ble tatt i bruk i undervisning og akademisk arbeid; studenter med solid faglig forst\u00e5else klarte \u00e5 gjennomf\u00f8re spissede s\u00f8k, mens de med svakere forkunnskaper ofte strevde med b\u00e5de begrepsbruk og vurdering av relevans. Det samme ser vi n\u00e5 i m\u00f8te med samtaleroboter: De som allerede har et begrepsapparat og en viss tematisk innsikt, klarer lettere \u00e5 stille presise sp\u00f8rsm\u00e5l, vurdere kvaliteten p\u00e5 svarene og be om utdypning p\u00e5 en konstruktiv m\u00e5te. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi som er teknologer med lang erfaring fra studentaktive l\u00e6ringsformer f\u00e5r dermed et s\u00e6rlig ansvar for \u00e5 v\u00e6re tydelige p\u00e5 \u00e9n ting: Teknologi \u2013 og s\u00e6rlig samtaleroboter \u2013 jevner ikke automatisk ut forskjeller i forkunnskaper. Tvert imot kan slike verkt\u00f8y faktisk forsterke forskjellene hvis vi ikke jobber m\u00e5lrettet med \u00e5 l\u00e6re studenter hvorfor det er viktig \u00e5 lese og reflektere over pensum og annet fagstoff <em>f\u00f8r<\/em> de setter i gang med en oppgave. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En av utfordringene knyttet til <em>samtaleroboter<\/em> er at folk flest forankrer sine holdninger til disse i det de leser i media, og ikke i forskningsbasert kunnskap. Dermed f\u00e5r vi en rekke tilfeller der brukere fullt og fast tror at bare fordi et dataprogram reagerer med menneskelignende respons, forst\u00e5r programmet hva vi ber om og kan l\u00f8se komplekse problemer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Som professor Lucy Cheke fra universitetet i Cambridge <a href=\"https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/chatgpt-reliability\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/chatgpt-reliability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sier det<\/a>; \u201c<em>This becomes particularly problematic as people more and more rely on these systems to answer complex questions to which they would not be in a position to spot an incorrect answer<\/em>.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Og som Inga Str\u00fcmke uttalte til Khrono i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khrono.no\/strmke-ki-vil-gjere-dei-darlege-darlegare-og-dei-gode-betre\/888106\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.khrono.no\/strmke-ki-vil-gjere-dei-darlege-darlegare-og-dei-gode-betre\/888106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">juli 2024<\/a>; \u00ab<em>Eg trur at KI kjem til \u00e5 gjere dei d\u00e5rlege d\u00e5rlegare, og dei gode betre. Om du ikkje har peiling og brukar generativ KI, er det lett \u00e5 la seg lure til \u00e5 tru at du har forst\u00e5tt noko du i realiteten ikkje har arbeidd godt nok med. Har du alt god kontroll p\u00e5 feltet og er i stand til \u00e5 vurdere ulike perspektiv, kan generativ KI by p\u00e5 alt fr\u00e5 nye idear til sekret\u00e6rhjelp<\/em>.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Men selv der en bruker &laquo;har kontroll&raquo; p\u00e5 et fagfelt kan bruken av <em>samtaleroboter<\/em> lede til feilkonklusjoner, rett og slett fordi den statistiske sammensetningen av bokstaver er s\u00e5 &laquo;menneskelig&raquo; &#8211; og dermed overbevisende &#8211; at selv profesjonelle yrkesut\u00f8vere <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bcg.com\/publications\/2023\/how-people-create-and-destroy-value-with-gen-ai\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.bcg.com\/publications\/2023\/how-people-create-and-destroy-value-with-gen-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kan bli lurt<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00e5 til tross for at det <em>\u00e5penbart<\/em> finnes nytteverdi i det vi kaller <em>samtaleroboter<\/em>, s\u00e5 representerer <em>ikke<\/em> disse verkt\u00f8yene &#8211; i seg selv &#8211; noen form for &laquo;<em>make and break\u00bb<\/em> innen lavere eller h\u00f8yere utdanning. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khrono.no\/nei-denne-metaanalysen-viser-ikke-bedre-laering-med-chatgpt\/976160\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.khrono.no\/nei-denne-metaanalysen-viser-ikke-bedre-laering-med-chatgpt\/976160\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tvert i mot<\/a>; de representerer en distraksjon fra <em>reell kunnskapsbygging<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Det betyr imidlertid <em>ikke<\/em> at verkt\u00f8yene ikke kan utnyttes i l\u00e6ringssituasjoner, der elever\/ studenter b\u00e5de kan f\u00e5 innsikt i forskningsomr\u00e5det &laquo;KI&raquo; og kontroversene knyttet til dette omr\u00e5det, opp\u00f8ve evnen til faglig refleksjon og kildekritikk, skj\u00f8nne forskjellen p\u00e5 <em>Science Fiction<\/em> og <em>Science Facts<\/em> og eksperimentere med verkt\u00f8yene for \u00e5 se hvor de kan gi konkret nytte og hvor de skaper merarbeid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Slik jeg ser det, er den n\u00e5v\u00e6rende oppfatningen av at samtaleroboter er &laquo;KI&raquo;, og p\u00e5stander om at datamaskiner n\u00e5 virkelig kan tenke, et resultat av kombinasjonen rask teknologisk utvikling og en utbredte mangel p\u00e5 vitenskapelig forst\u00e5else. I &laquo;gamle dager&raquo; trodde folk p\u00e5 demoner og UFOer. I dag er det den tenkende datamaskin som p\u00e5 mystisk vis kan l\u00f8se alle v\u00e5re problemer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Men <em>samtaleroboter<\/em> er <em>lys\u00e5r<\/em> unna noe som <a href=\"https:\/\/nymag.com\/intelligencer\/article\/ai-artificial-intelligence-chatbots-emily-m-bender.html\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/nymag.com\/intelligencer\/article\/ai-artificial-intelligence-chatbots-emily-m-bender.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ligner p\u00e5 intelligens<\/a>, og fortjener derfor ikke betegnelsen <a href=\"https:\/\/dailyillini.com\/news-stories\/science-technology\/2024\/11\/28\/chatgpt-isnt-intelligent-homework\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/dailyillini.com\/news-stories\/science-technology\/2024\/11\/28\/chatgpt-isnt-intelligent-homework\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">KI<\/a>. Dette er ganske enkelt <em>ordin\u00e6r<\/em> teknologi til <em>generell bruk<\/em>, og med alle de utfordringer som f\u00f8lger med ikke-spesialisert bruk av store spr\u00e5kmodeller. Det potensielt <em>transformative<\/em> er ikke samtalerobotene i seg selv men at den kunnskapsl\u00f8se bruken blir utbredt og derigjennom svekker befolkningens evne til kildekritikk, evne til \u00e5 skille mellom korrekt og falsk informasjon og evne til selvstendig tenkning og selvstendig utf\u00f8relse av en rekke oppgaver b\u00e5de kunstnerisk og akademisk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En slik utvikling utgj\u00f8r en <em>direkte trussel<\/em> mot nasjonal sikkerhet og beredskap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sluttord<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>Intelligence is what you use when you don\u2019t know what to do.<\/em>\u00bb<br>&#8211; Jean Piaget (<a href=\"https:\/\/achology.com\/wisdom-for-life\/jean-piaget-quotes-on-human-development\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/achology.com\/wisdom-for-life\/jean-piaget-quotes-on-human-development\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">16<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>These tools could be driving down IQs since they eliminate the need for us to think by immediately giving us an answer, with no effort on our part whatsoever. (&#8230;) That means people don\u2019t need to solve problems quite so often, and that\u2019s concerning, since intelligence is basically the ability to solve problems.<\/em>\u00bb<br>&#8211; Professor Serge Lariv\u00e9e, 2023 (<a href=\"https:\/\/nouvelles.umontreal.ca\/en\/article\/2023\/11\/24\/is-chatgpt-making-us-dumber\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/nouvelles.umontreal.ca\/en\/article\/2023\/11\/24\/is-chatgpt-making-us-dumber\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">17<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>ChatGPT er ikke vennen din. Den er bare en datamaskin som er veldig god til \u00e5 regne.<\/em>\u00bb<br>&#8211; St\u00e5le Lindblad, 2024 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dagsavisen.no\/debatt\/2024\/11\/19\/chatgpt-er-ikke-vennen-din\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.dagsavisen.no\/debatt\/2024\/11\/19\/chatgpt-er-ikke-vennen-din\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">18<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>Some people will start recognizing that it was always a pipe dream to reach anything resembling complex human cognition on the basis of predicting words.<\/em>\u00bb<br>&#8211; Professor Daron Acemoglu, 2024 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/get-ready-for-the-great-ai-disappointment\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/get-ready-for-the-great-ai-disappointment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">19<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>This isn\u2019t new technology. Those tools have been around for years. They\u2019re not \u201cthinking\u201d or answering questions. They\u2019re pattern matching. Which is what everything people call AI is doing, too<\/em>.\u00bb<br>&#8211; Chris Ferdinandi, 2024 (<a href=\"https:\/\/gomakethings.com\/llms-arent-useless-but-ai-isnt-real\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/gomakethings.com\/llms-arent-useless-but-ai-isnt-real\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>We are still basically surrounded by GPT-4 level models with incremental changes, and nothing that OpenAI themselves thinks is worthy of the GPT-5 label, There are many such models now; there is a price war. There is very little moat. There is still no robust solution to hallucinations. Corporate adoption is far more limited than most people expected, and total profits across all companies (except of course hardware companies like NVidia, which profits from chips rather than models) have been modest at best. Most companies involved have thus far lost money<\/em>.\u00bb<br>&#8211; Professor Gary Marcus, 2025 (<a href=\"https:\/\/garymarcus.substack.com\/p\/25-ai-predictions-for-2025-from-marcus\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/garymarcus.substack.com\/p\/25-ai-predictions-for-2025-from-marcus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">21<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>Higher confidence in GenAI\u2019s ability to perform a task is related to less critical thinking effort. When using GenAI tools, the effort invested in critical thinking shifts from information gathering to information verification; from problem-solving to AI response integration; and from task execution to task stewardship<\/em>.\u00bb<br>&#8211; Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee, et.al., 2025 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/lee_2025_ai_critical_thinking_survey.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/lee_2025_ai_critical_thinking_survey.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">22<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>The very concept of AGI is bass-ackwards. AGI is a solution to which specific problem? It has no specific mission definition, so what exactly are we building it for- Chits n&#8217; giggles? Okay we want to &laquo;building something to generally replace a human&raquo; why? For exactly what? \u2026and how exactly is that economical or even desirable?<\/em>\u00bb<br>&#8211; David Hsing, 2025 (<a href=\"https:\/\/open.substack.com\/pub\/garymarcus\/p\/the-five-stages-of-agi-grief?utm_campaign=comment-list-share-cta&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;comments=true&amp;commentId=84953804\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/open.substack.com\/pub\/garymarcus\/p\/the-five-stages-of-agi-grief?utm_campaign=comment-list-share-cta&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;comments=true&amp;commentId=84953804\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">23<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>AI was born on a fateful day in the Summer of 1956, conceived by four ambitious researchers. It died the same day<\/em>.\u00bb<br>&#8211; Alberto Romero, 2025 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thealgorithmicbridge.com\/p\/ai-died-the-day-it-was-born\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.thealgorithmicbridge.com\/p\/ai-died-the-day-it-was-born\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">24<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&laquo;<em>We are surrounded by hysteria about the future of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. There is hysteria about how powerful they will become how quickly, and there is hysteria about what they will do to jobs<\/em>.\u00bb<br>&#8211; Professor emeritus <a href=\"https:\/\/people.csail.mit.edu\/brooks\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/people.csail.mit.edu\/brooks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rodney Brooks<\/a>, 2017 (<a href=\"https:\/\/rodneybrooks.com\/the-seven-deadly-sins-of-predicting-the-future-of-ai\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/rodneybrooks.com\/the-seven-deadly-sins-of-predicting-the-future-of-ai\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">25<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1152\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/12\/linjer.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2799\" style=\"width:210px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>I denne bloggboken er b\u00e5de testene jeg har utf\u00f8rt, svarene som fremkom og den litteratur &#8211; b\u00e5de vitenskapelig og popul\u00e6rvitenskapelig &#8211; jeg har st\u00f8ttet meg p\u00e5 \u00e5pent tilgjengelig. Det som her er fremf\u00f8rt er mine faglige tolkninger, og andre forelesere\/ forskere kan ha andre tolkninger. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Du som student, og i egenskap av \u00e5 v\u00e6re l\u00e6rer\/ instrukt\u00f8r\/ kursholder eller oppl\u00e6ringsansvarlig, vil kanskje n\u00e5 ha f\u00e5tt din f\u00f8rforst\u00e5else utfordret. Men det betyr ikke at det du tidligere har ment er feil. Men kanskje har du n\u00e5 f\u00e5tt litt mer \u00e5 fundere p\u00e5?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Og kanskje kan du neste gang en selger, en administrator, en professor eller media forteller deg at n\u00e5 har &laquo;KI&raquo; (<em>dvs. ulike versjoner av samtaleroboter<\/em>) skapt tenkende maskiner som kan l\u00f8se alle typer eksamensoppgaver, f\u00f8re til l\u00e6ring for alle som bruker dem, og snart ta over verden, stille noen kritiske sp\u00f8rsm\u00e5l? En god ide her er \u00e5 bruke Dr. Carl Sagen sitt \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.inf.fu-berlin.de\/lehre\/pmo\/eng\/Sagan-Baloney.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">baloney detection kit<\/a>\u00bb, slik forskeren Dr. Sashank Dara gjengir det i sin artikkel &laquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@sashank.dara\/navigating-the-ai-ml-hype-applying-carl-sagans-baloney-detection-principles-a5b5799ede02\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@sashank.dara\/navigating-the-ai-ml-hype-applying-carl-sagans-baloney-detection-principles-a5b5799ede02\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Navigating the AI\/ML Hype: Applying Carl Sagan\u2019s Baloney Detection Principles<\/a><em>\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1152\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/12\/linjer.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2799\" style=\"width:210px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u00ab<em>Hva skal vi med tida vi sparer?<\/em>\u00bb<br>&#8211; Stein P. Aasheim, 2024 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/ytring\/tanker-ved-solsnu-1.17171366\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/ytring\/tanker-ved-solsnu-1.17171366\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">26<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1152\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/12\/linjer.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2799\" style=\"width:210px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/microsoft-copilot-oppsummerer-sitatene-epilog\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/microsoft-copilot-oppsummerer-sitatene-epilog\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Microsoft Copilot oppsummerer sitatene fra dette kapittelet<\/a><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>LESELISTE<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I de ulike kapitlene er det lenket til en rekke interessante artikler og innlegg som i seg selv utgj\u00f8r en god leseliste. I tillegg til de ulike leselistene, inklusive den til slutt i dette innlegget, anbefaler jeg at man ogs\u00e5 ser n\u00e6rmere p\u00e5 f\u00f8lgende:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>For de som vil l\u00e6re mer om KI<\/strong> anbefaler jeg &laquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/aiguide.substack.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/aiguide.substack.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AI: A Guide for Thinking Humans<\/a>&raquo; av professor Melanie Mitchell. Professor Gary Marcus sine tanker p\u00e5 &laquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/garymarcus.substack.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/garymarcus.substack.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Marcus on AI<\/a>&raquo; er ogs\u00e5 vel verdt \u00e5 lese.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Se ogs\u00e5 <\/strong>&laquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/aaai.org\/about-aaai\/presidential-panel-on-the-future-of-ai-research\/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/aaai.org\/about-aaai\/presidential-panel-on-the-future-of-ai-research\/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AAAI 2025 Presidential Panel on the Future of AI Research<\/a>&raquo; og de ulike &laquo;Panel Discussion Videos&raquo;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>F\u00f8lg med<\/strong> p\u00e5 <a href=\"https:\/\/complexity.simplecast.com\/episodes\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/complexity.simplecast.com\/episodes\/trailer-for-the-nature-of-intelligence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Nature of Intelligence<\/a>, en podcast serie fra <a href=\"https:\/\/www.santafe.edu\/about\/overview\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.santafe.edu\/about\/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Santa Fe Institute<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Khrono sin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khrono.no\/emne\/ki-skolen\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.khrono.no\/emne\/ki-skolen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">KI-skole<\/a><\/strong> er ogs\u00e5 verdt \u00e5 f\u00f8lge med p\u00e5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>For \u00e5 f\u00e5 et innblikk i siste nytt om forskning <\/strong>p\u00e5 store spr\u00e5kmodeller og samtaleroboter\/ ChatGPT b\u00f8r en sjekke ut <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/search\/?query=ChatGPT&amp;searchtype=all&amp;source=header\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/search\/?query=ChatGPT&amp;searchtype=all&amp;source=header\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">arXiv.org<\/a> og <a href=\"https:\/\/plos.org\/research-communities\/artificial-intelligence\/?utm_id=434&amp;utm_source=internal&amp;utm_medium=banner&amp;utm_campaign=434ai0324&amp;utm_content=image_ad\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/plos.org\/research-communities\/artificial-intelligence\/?utm_id=434&amp;utm_source=internal&amp;utm_medium=banner&amp;utm_campaign=434ai0324&amp;utm_content=image_ad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PLOS sine artikler om KI<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>For de som liker underholdende TV-serier<\/strong> med intelligent<em> <\/em>(<em>relativt sett<\/em>) IT-teknologisk innhold der <em>futuristisk<\/em> <em>AI er i fokus<\/em>, kan TV-serien &laquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt1839578\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt1839578\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Person of interest<\/a>&raquo; anbefales, og i den forbindelse er f\u00f8lgende artikkel ytterst interessant: &laquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/decoding-ai-ethics-through-person-interest-how-show\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/decoding-ai-ethics-through-person-interest-how-show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Decoding AI Ethics through &#8216;Person of Interest&#8217;: How the Show Anticipated Today&#8217;s AI Concerns<\/a>\u00bb&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>I tillegg kan en se p\u00e5 disse ressursene:<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/futurism.com\/categories\/ai-artificial-intelligence\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/futurism.com\/categories\/ai-artificial-intelligence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Futurism sine artikler om AI<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/chatgpt-and-other-language-ais-are-nothing-without-humans-a-sociologist-explains-how-countless-hidden-people-make-the-magic-211658\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/chatgpt-and-other-language-ais-are-nothing-without-humans-a-sociologist-explains-how-countless-hidden-people-make-the-magic-211658\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ChatGPT and other language AIs are nothing without humans \u2013 a sociologist explains how countless hidden people make the magic<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/machinelearning.apple.com\/research\/illusion-of-thinking\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/machinelearning.apple.com\/research\/illusion-of-thinking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Illusion of Thinking: Understanding the Strengths and Limitations of Reasoning Models via the Lens of Problem Complexity<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/buildcognitiveresonance.substack.com\/p\/exclusive-ai-insider-reveals-secrets\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/buildcognitiveresonance.substack.com\/p\/exclusive-ai-insider-reveals-secrets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EXCLUSIVE: AI Insider reveals secrets about artificial general intelligence<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloodinthemachine.com\/p\/the-great-degeneration-is-this-the\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.bloodinthemachine.com\/p\/the-great-degeneration-is-this-the\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">This is the beginning of the end of the generative AI boom<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloodinthemachine.com\/p\/the-most-powerful-takedowns-of-generative\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.bloodinthemachine.com\/p\/the-most-powerful-takedowns-of-generative\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The most powerful takedowns of generative AI, from those who know its impacts best<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.minerva.no\/kunstig-intelligens-menneske-teknologi\/hva-skal-mennesket-drive-med-hvis-ki-tenker-for-oss\/453451\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.minerva.no\/kunstig-intelligens-menneske-teknologi\/hva-skal-mennesket-drive-med-hvis-ki-tenker-for-oss\/453451\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hva skal mennesket drive med hvis KI tenker for oss?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/corneliawalther\/2024\/11\/19\/2-years-of-chatgpt-4-lessons-about-ai---and-ourselves\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/corneliawalther\/2024\/11\/19\/2-years-of-chatgpt-4-lessons-about-ai---and-ourselves\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2 Years Of ChatGPT: 4 Lessons About AI \u2014 And Ourselves<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2020.acl-main.463.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2020.acl-main.463.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Climbing towards NLU: On Meaning, Form, and Understanding in the Age of Data<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cybernews.com\/editorial\/machine-learning-cannot-create-sentient-computers\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/cybernews.com\/editorial\/machine-learning-cannot-create-sentient-computers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sentient AI will never exist via machine learning alone<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pedagogikkogkritikk.no\/index.php\/ntpk\/article\/view\/6175\/9583\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pedagogikkogkritikk.no\/index.php\/ntpk\/article\/view\/6175\/9583\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kan generativ kunstig intelligens opplyse og danne oss?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordnorskdebatt.no\/ki-er-en-fristelse-som-er-umulig-a-motsta-vare-barn-er-hardest-rammet\/o\/5-124-285072\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nordnorskdebatt.no\/ki-er-en-fristelse-som-er-umulig-a-motsta-vare-barn-er-hardest-rammet\/o\/5-124-285072\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">KI er en fristelse som er umulig \u00e5 motst\u00e5. V\u00e5re barn er hardest rammet<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4759218\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4759218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Will Artificial Intelligence Get in the Way of Achieving Gender Equality?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kode24.no\/artikkel\/darlig-ai-generert-kode-skaper-trobbel-horer-mer-og-mer-om-det\/81978670\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.kode24.no\/artikkel\/darlig-ai-generert-kode-skaper-trobbel-horer-mer-og-mer-om-det\/81978670\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">D\u00e5rlig AI-generert kode skaper tr\u00f8bbel: \u00abH\u00f8rer mer og mer om det\u00bb<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.khrono.no\/eus-nye-regler-for-ki-vil-pavirke-akademia-og-forskning\/896319\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.khrono.no\/eus-nye-regler-for-ki-vil-pavirke-akademia-og-forskning\/896319\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EUs nye regler for KI vil p\u00e5virke akademia og forskning<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmeninger\/debatt\/i\/4onyA6\/er-chat-gpt-vaar-tids-titanic\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmeninger\/debatt\/i\/4onyA6\/er-chat-gpt-vaar-tids-titanic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chat GPT \u2013 v\u00e5r tids \u00abTitanic\u00bb?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/digitalnorway.com\/ki-endrer-internett-og-fyller-det-med-soppel\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/digitalnorway.com\/ki-endrer-internett-og-fyller-det-med-soppel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">KI endrer internett \u2013 og fyller det med \u00abs\u00f8ppel\u00bb<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/debatt\/i\/BWg4Kl\/oslo-skolen-boer-kaste-ut-chatgpt\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/debatt\/i\/BWg4Kl\/oslo-skolen-boer-kaste-ut-chatgpt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oslo-skolen b\u00f8r kaste ut ChatGPT!<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universitetsavisa.no\/chatgpt-kunstig-intelligens\/ekspert-tror-ki-visjoner-er-overdrevne\/394916\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.universitetsavisa.no\/chatgpt-kunstig-intelligens\/ekspert-tror-ki-visjoner-er-overdrevne\/394916\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ekspert tror KI-visjoner er overdrevne<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uio.no\/om\/aktuelt\/universitetsplassen\/nyheter\/2023\/ai.html\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.uio.no\/om\/aktuelt\/universitetsplassen\/nyheter\/2023\/ai.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Er ChatGPT og andre AI-tjenester en revolusjon?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digdir.no\/kunstig-intelligens\/bruk-av-generativ-kunstig-intelligens-i-offentlig-sektor\/4670\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.digdir.no\/kunstig-intelligens\/bruk-av-generativ-kunstig-intelligens-i-offentlig-sektor\/4670\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bruk av generativ kunstig intelligens i offentlig sektor<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2023\/12\/10\/health\/chatgpt-medical-questions\/index.html\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2023\/12\/10\/health\/chatgpt-medical-questions\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ChatGPT struggles to answer medical questions, new research finds<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&laquo;Siste nytt&raquo; om ChatGPT og openai (utvalg)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.theregister.com\/?q=ChatGPT\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/search.theregister.com\/?q=ChatGPT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Register on ChatGPT<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.theregister.com\/?q=OpenAI&amp;site=\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/search.theregister.com\/?q=OpenAI&amp;site=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Register on OpenAI (and AI)<\/a> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/tag\/chatgpt\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/tag\/chatgpt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Euronews on ChatGPT<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/search?query=OpenAI\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/search?query=OpenAI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Euronews on OpenAI (and AI)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/tag\/chatgpt\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/tag\/chatgpt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CBC News on ChatGPT<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/tag\/chatgpt\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/tag\/chatgpt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wired on ChatGPT<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/topic\/chatgpt\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/topic\/chatgpt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Independent on ChatGPT<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/nyheter\/kunstig-intelligens-1.16283115\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/nyheter\/kunstig-intelligens-1.16283115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NRK om ChatGPT og KI<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>&lt;<a href=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/6-summa-summarum\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/6-summa-summarum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Forrige kapittel<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/01\/image.png\" alt=\"\"><\/td><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/chatgpt-et-talefort-eksempel-pa-kunstig-intelligens-eller\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/2023\/01\/05\/chat-gpt-en-mer-talefor-slektning-av-eliza\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Til startsiden<\/a>&gt;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Once men turned their thinking over to machines in the hope that this would set them free. But that only permitted other men with machines to enslave them Frank Herbert, Dune, 1965 &laquo;In reading the history of nations, we find that, like individuals, they have their whims and their peculiarities; their seasons of excitement and &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/epilog-2\/\" class=\"more-link\">Fortsett \u00e5 lese<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \u00abEpilog\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"coauthors":[2],"class_list":["post-2577","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2577"}],"version-history":[{"count":354,"href":"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7536,"href":"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2577\/revisions\/7536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.nord.no\/didaktiskebetraktninger\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}